Glossary
The EMN Glossary – as one of the key products of the EMN - improves comparability by enabling a common understanding and use of terms and definitions relating to asylum and migration. The Glossary draws on a variety of sources, but primarily on the legislation of the EU asylum and immigration acquis, and makes terms available in the majority of EU Member State languages.
The online version is regularly updated and available in various languages.
- BG: вторично движение на мигранти
- CZ: druhotný pohyb migrantů
- DE: Sekundärmigration
- EE: sisserändajate teisene (riikidevaheline) liikumine
- EN: secondary movement of migrants
- ES: movimientos migratoris secundarios
- FI: maahanmuuttajien toissijainen siirtyminen
- FR: mouvement secondaire de migrants
- GA: athghluaiseacht imirceach
- HU: másodlagos migrációs mozgás
- IT: movimento secondario di migranti
- LT: vėlesnis migrantų judėjimas
- LV: migrantu tālāka pārvietošanās
- MT: Moviment sekondarju ta’ migranti
- NL: secundaire migratiestroom
- NO: sekundærflytting
- PL: wtórny przepływ migrantów
- RO: mişcare secundară a migranţilor
- SE: sekundär migration
- SK: sekundárny pohyb migrantov
- SL: sekundarno gibanje migrantov
The movement of migrants, including refugees and asylum seekers, who for different reasons move from the country in which they first arrived to seek protection or permanent resettlement elsewhere.
This movement is without the prior consent of the national authorities, without an entry visa, or with no or insufficient documentation normally required for travel purposes, or with false or fraudulent documentation.
- BG: достъп до здравни гриижи
- CZ: přístup ke zdravotní péči
- DE: Zugang zu medizinischer Versorgung
- EE: ligipääs tervishoiule
- EN: access to healthcare
- ES: acceso a la asistencia sanitaria
- FI: oikeus terveydenhuoltoon
- FR: accès aux soins de santé
- GA: Rochtain ar Chúram Sláinte
- GR: πρόσβαση στην υγειονομική περίθαλψη
- HU: a migránsok társadalombiztosítási és egészségügyi ellátásokhoz való hozzáférése
- IT: accesso all’assistenza sanitaria
- LT: sveikatos priežiūros prieinamumas
- LV: piekļuve veselības aprūpei
- MT: Aċċess għas-servizzi tas-saħħa/ għall-kura sanitarja
- NL: toegang tot gezondheidszorg
- NO: tilgang til helsetjenester (b) / tilgang til helsetenester (n)
- PL: dostęp do opieki zdrowotnej
- RO: acces la ingrijirea sanatatii / acces la sistemul medical
- SE: tillgång till hälso- och sjukvård
- SK: prístup k zdravotnej starostlivosti
- SL: dostop do zdravstvenega varstva
Healthcare entitlements enjoyed by third-country nationals (migrants, applicants for international protection and refugees) in EU Member States and in their countries of origin.
2. According to Council Directive 2003/109/EC (Long Term Residents Directive), long-term residents enjoy the same access to healthcare as nationals as defined by national law.
3. Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive) grants access to adequate healthcare, including treatment of mental disorders when needed, to beneficiaries of international protection under the same eligibility conditions as nationals of the EU Member State that has granted such protection.
4.Directive 2013/33/EU (Recast Reception Conditions Directive) establishes minimum standards for access to healthcare for applicants of international protection during the asylum procedure. It requires EU Member States to ensure that asylum seekers at least receive emergency care and essential treatment for illnesses and serious mental disorders. However, the entitlement of asylum seekers to healthcare services depends on national legislation and varies among Member States. See for example, the EMN: Ad-Hoc Query on System of medical treatment of asylum seekers in Member States.
5. Access to healthcare can be a key factor in the process of decision-making on applications for international protection. Subsidiary protection may apply if the asylum-seeker contends that a return to the country of origin is impossible for health reasons, as the return of a sick person which is often connected with the medical standards in the country of return could constitute a breach of Art. 3 ECHR. Thus case workers have to take into account whether medical treatment is available in the country of origin and whether the available medical treatment would also be (e.g. financially) accessible to the concerned person upon return. For further information see the description of the MedCOI project in the List of projects funded by the European Refugee Fund in 2011.
- BG: доброволно връщане
- CZ: dobrovolný návrat
- DE: freiwillige Rückkehr
- EE: vabatahtlik (riigist) lahkumine
- EN: voluntary return
- ES: retorno voluntario
- FI: vapaaehtoinen paluu
- FR: retour volontaire
- GA: filleadh deonach
- GR: εθελούσια επιστροφή
- HU: önkéntes hazatérés
- IT: ritorno volontario
- LT: savanoriškas grįžimas
- LV: brīvprātīga atgriešanās
- MT: Ritorn volontarju
- NL: vrijwillige terugkeer
- NO: frivillig retur (b) / friviljug retur (n)
- PL: dobrowolny powrót
- PT: retorno voluntário
- RO: returnare voluntară
- SE: frivilligt återvändande
- SK: dobrovoľný návrat
- SL: prostovoljna vrnitev
The assisted or independent return to the country of origin, transit or third country, based on the free will of the returnee.
2. The types of persons returning without the assistance of the State include those who:
a) would be under no (legal) obligation to do so. As stated in the definition, it is entirely their decision as to whether they return or not;
b) are irregularly resident and have not (yet) been apprehended/detected (e.g. overstayers), but who decide to return anyway;
c) have applied to stay (e.g. asylum seeker, person applying for international protection) and whose application has not yet been finalised, but decide to return anyway.
3. The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) prefers the term ‘voluntary repatriation’.
- BG: условия на приемане
- CZ: podmínky přijetí
- DE: Aufnahmebedingungen, im Rahmen der Aufnahmebedingungen gewährte Vorteile
- EE: vastuvõtutingimused
- EN: reception conditions
- ES: condiciones de acogida
- FI: vastaanotto-olosuhteet
- FR: conditions d’accueil
- GA: dálaí mpl glactha
- GR: συνθήκες υποδοχής
- HU: befogadási feltételek
- IT: condizioni di accoglienza
- LT: priėmimo sąlygos
- LV: uzņemšanas nosacījumi
- MT: Kondizzjonijiet tal-akkoljenza
- NL: opvangvoorzieningen
- NO: mottaksforhold (b) / mottakstilhøve (n)
- PL: warunki przyjmowania
- PT: condições de acolhimento
- RO: condiţii de recepţie
- SE: mottagningsvillkor
- SK: prijímacie podmienky (EU acquis) / podmienky prijímania (national law)
- SL: sprejemni pogoji
The full set of measures that EU Member States grant to applicants for international protection.
- BG: приемателен център
- CZ: přijímací středisko
- DE: Aufnahmeeinrichtung
- EE: vastuvõtukeskus
- EN: reception centre
- ES: centro de acogida
- FI: vastaanottokeskus
- FR: centre d’accueil (pour demandeurs d’asile)
- GA: ionad fáiltithe
- HU: befogadó állomás
- IT: centro di accoglienza per richiedenti asilo
- LT: priėmimo centras
- LV: uzņemšanas centrs
- MT: Ċentru ta’ akkoljenza (għal min jitlob l-ażil)
- NL: asielzoekerscentrum
- NO: transittmottak
- PL: ośrodek recepcyjny
- PT: centro de acolhimento
- RO: centru de cazare şi proceduri
- SE: mottagning
- SK: prijímacie zariadenie (EU acquis) / záchytný tábor (national law)
- SL: nastanitveni center / sprejemni center
A location with facilities for receiving, processing and attending to the immediate needs of refugees or asylum seekers as they arrive in a country of asylum.
For more information on categories of reception centres available in EU Member States, see EMN: the Organisation of Reception Facilities for Asylum Seekers in different Member States.
- BG: приемни съоръжения
- CZ: přijímací zařízení
- DE: Aufnahmeeinrichtungen
- EE: vastuvõtu majutusasutused
- EN: reception facilities
- ES: centros de acogida
- FI: vastaanoton majoitusmuodot
- FR: structures d’accueil
- GA: áiseanna fáiltithe
- HU: befogadó létesítmények
- IT: struttura di accoglienza
- LT: priėmimo centrai
- LV: uzņemšanas telpas
- MT: Faċilitajiet ta’ akkoljenza
- NL: opvangfaciliteiten
- NO: asylmottak
- PL: ośrodki przyjmowania
- RO: spaţii de cazare a solicitanţilor de azil
- SE: anläggningsboende
- SK: azylové zariadenia
- SL: sprejemni prostori
All forms of premises used for the housing of applicants for international protection and other categories of migrants and refugees.
For more information on categories of reception facilties available in EU Member States, see EMN: the Organisation of Reception Facilities for Asylum Seekers in different Member States, 2013.
Developed by EMN
- BG: търсещ убежище
- CZ: žadatel o azyl
- DE: Asylbewerber (EU acquis) / Asylwerber (AT)
- EE: varjupaigataotleja
- EN: asylum seeker
- ES: solicitante de asilo
- FI: turvapaikanhakija
- FR: demandeur d’asile
- GA: iarratasóir ar thearmann
- GR: αιτών άσυλο
- HU: menedékkérő
- IT: richiedente asilo
- LT: prieglobsčio prašytojas
- LV: patvēruma meklētājs
- MT: Applikant(a) għall-ażil
- NL: asielzoeker
- NO: asylsøker (b) / asylsøkjar (n)
- PL: osoba ubiegająca się o nadanie statusu uchodźcy (azyl)
- PT: requerente de asilo
- RO: solicitant de azil
- SE: asylsökande
- SK: žiadateľ o udelenie azylu / žiadateľ o azyl
- SL: prosilec za azil
In the EU context, a third-country national or stateless person who has made an application for protection under the Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol in respect of which a final decision has not yet been taken.
2. Outside EU legislation, the terms ‘asylum seeker’ or ‘asylum applicant’ are often used more frequently than ‘applicant for international protection’ in the everyday use of the term.
- BG: Работна група на високо равнище „Убежище и миграция“
- CZ: pracovní skupina na vysoké úrovni pro azyl a migraci
- DE: Hochrangige Arbeitsgruppe Asyl und Einwanderung
- EE: kõrgetasemine varjupaiga ja rände töörühm
- EN: High-Level Working Group on Asylum and Migration
- ES: grupo de trabajo de alto nivel sobre migración y asilo
- FI: turvapaikka- ja maahanmuuttoasioiden korkean tason työryhmä
- FR: Groupe de haut niveau «Asile et Migration»
- GA: Grúpa Oibre Ardleibhéil maidir le Tearmann agus Imirce
- GR: Ομάδα Εργασίας Υψηλού Επιπέδου για το ‘Ασυλο και την Μετανάστευση
- HU: Magas Szintű Menekültügyi és Migrációs Munkacsoport
- IT: Gruppo di lavoro ad alto livello in materia di asilo e migrazione
- LT: Prieglobsčio ir migracijos aukšto lygio darbo grupė
- LV: Augsta līmeņa darba grupa migrācijas un patvēruma jautājumos
- MT: Grupp ta’ Ħidma ta’ Livell Għoli dwar l-Ażil u l-Migrazzjoni
- NL: Werkgroep op hoog niveau voor asiel en migratie
- NO: høynivågruppen for asyl og migrasjon (b) / høgnivågruppa for asyl og migrasjon (n)
- PL: Grupa Robocza Wysokiego Szczebla ds. Azylu i Migracji
- PT: grupo alto nível asilo e migração
- RO: Grupul de lucru la nivel înalt în domeniul migraţiei şi azilului
- SE: Högnivågruppen för asyl och migration
- SK: Pracovná skupina na vysokej úrovni pre azyl a migráciu
- SL: Delovna skupina visokih predstavnikov za azil in migracije
2. The HLWG's focus is on external relations with third countries, particularly within the context of the Global Approach to Migration and Mobility. Its objective is to strengthen the external dimension of the EU’s asylum and migration policies based on dialogue, cooperation and partnership with countries of origin and transit in the areas of legal migration, irregular migration, migration and development. The Group also prepares conclusions and recommendations on asylum and migration to be adopted by the Council. They carry out an assessment of the political, economic and human rights situation in countries of origin and provide a joint analysis of the causes and consequences of migration.
- BG: изтезания
- CZ: mučení
- DE: Folter
- EE: piinamine
- EN: torture
- ES: tortura
- FI: kidutus
- FR: torture
- GA: céasadh
- HU: kínzás
- IT: tortura
- LT: kankinimas
- LV: spīdzināšana
- MT: Tortura
- NL: foltering
- NO: tortur
- PL: tortury
- RO: tortură
- SE: tortyr
- SK: mučenie
- SL: mučenje
In the context of the case law of the European Court of Human Rights, deliberate inhuman treatment causing very serious and cruel suffering.
2.The right to freedom from torture is enshrined in many international treaties, most notably the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and the UN Convention against Torture (UNCAT). The acceptance that torture is forbidden under any circumstances, including war, public emergency or terrorist threat, indicates that universally it is considered as a fundamental principle of customary international law. This means that even States that have not ratified any of the international treaties explicitly prohibiting torture are banned from using it against anyone, anywhere, under any circumstances.
3. Regional conventions, such as the European Convention on Human Rights (Art. 3) and the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (Art. 4), also recognise torture as a prohibited act.
4. Both the UNCAT and the Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol expressly prohibit the forced return of an asylum seeker to a country where they may be at risk of torture.
5. In the EU, Art. 21 of Directive 2013/33/EU (Recast Receptions Conditions Directive) explicitly considers the situation of vulnerable asylum seekers with special needs, including victims of torture. EU Member States are obliged to identify victims of torture within the asylum procedure and to assess whether they have special reception needs, including the need to access appropriate medical and psychological treatment or care.
- BG: върнат
- CZ: navracený cizinec
- DE: Rückkehrer
- EE: tagasipöörduja
- EN: returnee
- ES: extranjero retornado
- FI: paluumuuttaja / palaaja, (pakko)palautettava
- FR: rapatrié
- GA: imirceach fillteach
- GR: επαναπατριζόμενος
- HU: hazatérő / visszatérő
- IT: persona che compie ritorno
- LT: grąžinamasis / grįžtantysis
- LV: izraidāmais
- MT: Migrant(a) ritornat(a)
- NL: terugkeerder
- NO: den personen som vender hjem (b) / den personen som vender heim (n)
- PL: osoba powracająca
- PT: retornado
- RO: returnat
- SE: återvändare
- SK: navrátilec
- SL: oseba, ki je predmet vračanja
A person going from a host country back to a country of origin, country of nationality or habitual residence usually after spending a significant period of time in the host country whether voluntary or forced, assisted or spontaneous.
The definition covers all categories of migrants (persons who have resided legally in a country as well as failed asylum seekers) and different ways the return is implemented (e.g. voluntary, forced, assisted and spontaneous). It does not cover stays shorter than three months (such as holiday visits or business meetings and other visits typically considered to be for a period of time of less than three months).
- BG: център за настаняване
- CZ: pobytové středisko
- DE: Aufnahmeeinrichtung
- EE: majutuskeskus
- EN: accommodation centre
- ES: centro de acogida
- FI: vastaanottokeskus
- FR: centre d’hébergement
- GA: lárionad cóiríochta (gu & ai: lárionaid chóiríochta)
- GR: κέντρο φιλοξενίας
- HU: befogadó állomás
- IT: struttura alloggiativa (per richiedenti asilo)
- LT: apgyvendinimo centras
- LV: izmitināšanas centrs
- MT: Ċentru ta’ akkomodazzjoni
- NL: opvangcentrum (syn: asielzoekerscentrum)
- NO: asylmottak / mottakssenter
- PL: ośrodek dla osób ubiegających się o status uchodźcy
- PT: centro de acolhimento
- RO: centru de cazare şi proceduri
- SE: förläggning
- SK: pobytový tábor (national law) / ubytovacie zariadenie
- SL: nastanitveni center
A place used for the collective housing of applicants for international protection.
- BG: материални условия за приемане
- CZ: materiální podmínky přijetí
- DE: materielle Aufnahmebedingungen
- EE: materiaalsed varjupaigataotlejate vastuvõtutingimused
- EN: material reception conditions
- ES: condiciones materiales de acogida
- FI: aineelliset vastaanotto-olosuhteet
- FR: conditions matérielles d’accueil
- GA: dálaí ábhartha glactha
- GR: υλικές συνθήκες υποδοχής
- HU: a befogadás anyagi feltételei
- IT: condizioni materiali di accoglienza
- LT: materialinės priėmimo sąlygos
- LV: materiālie uzņemšanas nosacījumi
- MT: Kondizzjonijiet materjali tal-akkoljenza
- NL: materiële opvangvoorzieningen
- NO: materielle mottaksforhold (b) / materielle mottakstilhøve (n)
- PL: materialne warunki przyjmowania
- PT: condições materiais de acolhimento
- RO: condiţii materiale de recepţie
- SE: materiella mottagningsvillkor
- SK: materiálne prijímacie podmienky (EU acquis) / materiálne podmienky prijímania (national law)
- SL: materialni pogoji sprejema
The reception conditions that include housing, food and clothing provided in kind, or as financial allowances or in vouchers, or a combination of the three, and a daily expenses allowance.
- BG: Евродак
- CZ: Eurodac
- DE: Eurodac
- EE: Eurodac
- EN: Eurodac
- ES: Eurodac
- FI: Eurodac
- FR: Eurodac
- GA: Eurodac
- GR: Ευrodac
- HU: Eurodac
- IT: Eurodac
- LT: Eurodac
- LV: Eurodac
- MT: Eurodac
- NL: Eurodac
- NO: Eurodac
- PL: Eurodac
- PT: Eurodac
- RO: Eurodac
- SE: Eurodac
- SK: Eurodac
- SL: Eurodac
The name given to an informatic system, the purpose of which, via the collection, transmission and comparison of fingerprints, is to assist in determining which EU Member State is to be responsible pursuant to Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 (Dublin III Regulation) for examining an application for international protection lodged in a EU Member State by a third-country national or a stateless person, and otherwise to facilitate the application of Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 under the conditions set out in the Regulation establishing Eurodac.
- BG: Евроазил
- CZ: Eurasil
- DE: Netzwerk für Asylpraktiker der Europäischen Union (Eurasil)
- EE: Eurasil
- EN: Eurasil
- ES: Eurasil
- FI: Eurasil
- FR: Eurasil
- GA: Eurasil
- GR: Ομάδα στο πλαίσιο της Ε.Επιτροπής για την ανταλλαγή πληροφοριών για τις χώρες καταγωγής αιτούντων άσυλο
- HU: Eurasil
- IT: Eurasil
- LT: Eurasil
- LV: Eurasil
- MT: Eurasil
- NL: Eurasil
- NO: Eurasil
- PL: Eurasil
- PT: Eurasil
- RO: Eurasil
- SE: Eurasil
- SK: Eurasil
- SL: Eurasil
A European Union Network for asylum practitioners providing a forum for the exchange of country of origin information, best practices and a variety of policy-related matters among EU Member States, asylum adjudicators and the European Commission, which aims to improve and maximise convergence on approaches to, and assessment of, the protection needs of asylum seekers.
2. EURASIL meetings were attended by representatives of the national ministries and asylum authorities of the EU Member States, as well as of CH, NO and IS. Depending on the topics of the meeting, international organisations such as United Nations High Commissior for Refugees (UNHCR) or International Organization for Migration (IOM) attended Eurasil as external experts.
3. With the establishment of the European Asylum Support Office (EASO) , EASO has taken over responsibility for Eurasil and further developed EURASIL activities (EASO Practical Cooperation).